Contributors

Editorial contributors

The editors would like to thank the following people who have made particular contributions to the 25th edition:

Section editor, Trauma
Robert Handley BSc MB ChB FRCS(Ed)
The Trauma Service, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Editorial advisor, Paediatrics
Mark D. Stringer MS FRCS FRCP FRCS(Paed)
Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of
Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Formerly Professor of Paediatric
Surgery, Leeds, UK

Imaging consultant
Stephen Eustace MB BCh MRCPI FRCR FFR RCSI
Consultant Radiologist, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Historical footnotes
John G. Fairer TD BA LLB MB BS FRCA
Formerly Anaesthetist, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School,
London, UK
Andrew Wainwright BSc ChB FRCS(Tr and Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre
NHS Trust, Oxford, UK

Contributors

Derek Alderson MD FRCS
Barling Chair of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Birmingham, UK

Gina M. Allen BM DCH MRCGP MRCP FRCR
Consultant Radiologist, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital and
Universities Hospitals, Birmingham, UK

Jonathan R. Anderson FRCS
Consultant in Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital,
London, UK

Nicholas C.M. Armitage DM FRCS
Consultant Colorectal and General Surgeon, Nottingham
University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK

Shazad Ashraf BSc(Hons) MB ChB(Hons)
Bobby Moore Research Fellow, CRUK at the Weatherall
Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK

D.L. Back BSc(Hons) MBBS FRCS(Ed)(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Guy’s and St Thomas’
Hospital, London, UK

Sarah J. Barton MBBS DMCC MRCS
Registrar, Trauma and Orthopaedics, Plymouth, UK

Grant J.E.M. Bates BSc BM BCh FRCS
Consultant ENT Surgeon, The Radcliffe Infirmary, and Senior
Clinical Lecturer, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

David H. Bennett BSc DM FRCS
Department of Surgery, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital,
Bournemouth, UK

Satyajit Bhattacharya MS MPhil FRCS
Consultant Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgeon, The Royal
London Hospital, London, UK

Kenneth D. Boffard BSc(Hons) MB BCh FRCS FRCS(Ed) FRCPS(Glas)
FCS(SA) FACS
Professor and Clinical Head, Department of Surgery,
Johannesburg Hospital and University of Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa

Andrew W. Bradbury BSc MD FRCS(Ed)
Professor of Vascular Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital,
Birmingham, UK

J. Andrew Bradley PhD FRCS FMedSci
Professor of Surgery, University of Cambridge and Director of
Transplantation, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

Karim Brohi BSc FRCS FRCA
Consultant, Vascular and Trauma Section, The Royal London
Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK

Kevin Burnand MB BS FRCS MS
Professor of Vascular Surgery, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Christopher L.H. Chan BSc PhD FRCS
Senior Lecturer and Consultant Surgeon, Barts and the London
NHS Trust, London, UK

Sue Clark MD FRCS (Gen Surg)
Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow,
UK

Kevin Conlon MCh MBA FRCSI FACS FRCS
Chair of Surgery, Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin
incorporating The National Children’s Hospital, Tallaght,
Dublin, Ireland

Paul Cool MD MedSc(Res) FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic and Oncological Surgeon, Robert Jones
and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hosptial, Oswestry, UK

Lord Darzi of Denham KBE HonFREng FMedSci
Paul Hamlyn Chair of Surgery, Professor of Surgery and Head of
Department, Department of Biosurgery and Surgical
Technology, Imperial College London, UK

Pradip K. Datta MS FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Eng) FRCSI FRCS(Glas)
Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Caithness General Hospital,
Wick, UK; and Member of Council and College Tutor, Royal
College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Mark Davies FRCS FRCS(Tr & Orth)
Consultant Foot and Ankle Surgeon, The London Foot and
Ankle Centre, London, UK

Sanjay De Bakshi MS FRCS(Eng) FRCS(Ed)
Consultant Surgeon, Calcutta Medical Research Institute,
Kolkata, India

Brian R. Davidson MB ChB MD FRCPS(Glas) FRCS
Professor of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free and
University College School of Medicine, London, UK

Sunny Deo FRCS(Tr & Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Great Western Hospital,
Swindon, UK

Len Doyal BA MSc
Emeritus Professor of Medical Ethics, St Bartholomew’s and
The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen
Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK

Michael J. Earley FRCSI FRCS(Plast) MCh
Consultant Plastic Surgeon, The Children’s University Hospital,
Dublin and the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;
and Past President of the British Association of Plastic
Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons

Jonothan J. Earnshaw MB BS DM FRCS
Consultant Surgeon, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital,
Gloucester, UK

Deborah M. Eastwood MB ChB FRCS
Great Ormond Street Hosptial for Children and the Royal
National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK

Roger M. Feakins FRCPI FRCPath
Consultant Histopathologist, Barts and the London NHS Trust,
London, and Professor of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Barts and
the London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry,
The University of London, UK

Kenneth C.H. Fearon MB ChB(Hons) MD FRCPS(Glas) FRCS(Ed)
FRCS(Eng)
Professor of Surgical Oncology, University of Edinburgh, Royal
Infirmary and Honorary Consultant Colorectal Surgeon,
Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK

Christopher G. Fowler BSc MA MS FRCP FRCS(Urol) FEBU FHEA
Professor of Surgical Education, Barts and the London School of
Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London,
and Honorary Consultant Urologist, Barts and the London
NHS Trust, London, UK

Brian J.C. Freeman MB BCh BAO DM FRCS(Tr & Oth)
Professor of Spinal Surgery, University of Nottingham and
Consultant Spinal Surgeon, The Centre for Spinal Studies and
Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Nottingham, UK

O. James Garden BSc MB ChB MD FRCS(RCPSG) FRCS(Ed) FRCP(Ed)
FRACS(Hon)
Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery and Honorary Consultant
Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgeon, Royal Infirmary,
Edinburgh, UK

Peter V. Giannoudis BSc MB MD EEC(Ortho)
Professor of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of
Leeds, UK

Sudip Ghosh MBBS MS FRCS(Plast)(Eng)
Consultant in Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery and
Clinical Director of Burns, Stoke Mandeville Hospital,
Aylesbury, UK

Giorgi Giorgobiani MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University,
Tbilisi, Georgia

Timothy Goodacre MBBS BSc FRCS
Senior Clinical Lecturer, Nuffield Department of Surgery,
Oxford; Florey Lecturer in Clinical Medicine, Queen’s College
Oxford; Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Oxford
Radcliffe Hospitals, Oxford, UK

Adam R. Greenbaum MB BS MBA PhD FRCS(Plast) EBOPRAS
Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Guys and St. Thomas’ NHS
Foundation Trust and St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St
Thomas’ Hospital, and Honorary Consultant Plastic Surgeon,
King’s College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK

Robert Handley BSc MB ChB FRCS(Ed)
The Trauma Service, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Hugo W.A. Henderson MA MB BS FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmologist and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgeon,
The Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust and The Royal National
Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK

Joanna Hicks FRCS (Tr & Orth)
Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, Stoke Mandeville
Hospital, Aylesbury, UK

Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam IBSc MD FRCSED FRCS
Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds,
UK

David J. Howard FRCS FRCS(Ed)
Emeritus Senior Lecturer, University College London and
Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon, Royal National Throat,
Nose and Ear Hospital and Charing Cross Hospital, London,
UK

Ian Hunt MB BS BSc(Hons) FRCS(C-Th)
Specialist Registrar Cardiothoracic Surgery, St George’s
Hospital, London, UK

Jonathan D. Jagger MB BS FRCS DO FRCS(Ophth)
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, Royal Free Hosptial, London,
UK

Srinath Kamineni BSc(Hons) MB BCh FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Orthopaedics and
Trauma)
Consultant Elbow and Shoulder Surgeon, Cromwell Upper Limb
Unit, Cromwell Hospital, London; Professor of Bioengineering,
Brunel University, London; and Honorary Senior Clinical
Lecturer, Imperial College London, UK

Stephen Kennedy MA(Oxon) MD MRCOG
Clinical Reader and Head of Department, Nuffield Department
of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK

Richard Kerr BSc MA MB BS MS FRCS
Consultant Neurological Surgeon, The Radcliffe Infirmary and
Honorary Senior Lecturer, Nuffield Department of Surgery,
Oxford, UK

Vikas Khanduja MB BS MRCS(G) MSc FRCS(Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Addenbrooke’s, Cambridge
University NHS Hospitals Trust, Cambridge, UK

Andrew N. Kingsnorth MS FRCS FACS
Professor of Surgery, Peninsula Medical School, Derriford
Hospital, Plymouth, UK

Rohit Kotnis MB ChB BSc MRCS
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics, Nuffield
Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK

Zygmunt H. Krukowski PhD FRCS(Ed) FRCP(Ed) Hon FRCS(Glas)
Consultant Surgeon, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Professor of
Clinical Surgery, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK and
Surgeon to the Queen in Scotland

Pawanindra Lal MS DNB MNAMS MNASc FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Glas)
Professor of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New
Delhi, India

Ilana Langdon MB ChB MSc FRCS(Tr and Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Royal United Hospital, Bath,
UK

Richard M. Langford FRCA
Senior Lecturer, St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London
School of Medicine at Queen Mary and Westfield College,
London; Consultant Anaesthetist, St Bartholomew’s Hospital,
London, UK

John Leach MA BM BCh FRCS(Neuro.Surg)
Specialist Registrar in Neurosurgery, The John Radcliffe
Hospital, Oxford, UK

David J. Leaper MD ChM FRCS FACS
Emeritus Professor of Surgery, University of Newcastle upon
Tyne and Visiting Professor, Department of Wound Healing,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

Lisa Leonard BA MSc FRCS(T & O)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Royal Sussex County
Hospital, Brighton, UK

James Lindsay MA PhD BMBCh MRCP
Consultant Gastroenterologist, The Royal London Hospital,
London, UK

Valerie J. Lund CBE MS FRCS FRCS(Ed)
Professor of Rhinology, The Ear Institute, University College
London, London, UK

Peter J. Lunniss BSc MS FRCS
Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Royal
London and Homerton Hospitals, London, UK

John MacFie MD FRCS
Consultant Surgeon, Scarborough Hospital and Professor of
Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, University of Hull, UK

Pradeep Madhavan Dip NB(Surg) FRCS(Tr & Orth)
Consultant Spinal Surgeon, Taunton and Somerset NHS
Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK

Vipul Mandalia MS
Specialist Registrar in Orthopaedics, Swindon and Marlborough
NHS Trust, UK

Matthew Matson MRCP FRCR
Consultant Radiologist, Royal London Hospital, London, UK

Enda McVeigh MPhil FRCOG
Senior Fellow and Honorary Consultant Gynaecologist, John
Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Vivek Mehta MBBS FRCA
Consultant in Pain Medicine and Anaesthesia, St
Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK

Neil J.McC. Mortensen MD FRCS
Professor of Colorectal Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford,
UK

Alastair J. Munro BSc FRCP(E) FRCR
Professor of Radiation Oncology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical
School, Dundee, UK

John A. Murie MA BSc MD FRCS
Consultant Vascular Surgeon, The Royal Infirmary of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Ali Naraghi FRCR
Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital and
University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

Dinesh K. Nathwani MB ChB MSc FRCS(Tr & Orth)
Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Trauma and
Orthopaedics, Charing Cross Hospital and Imperial College
School of Medicine, London, UK

David E. Neal BSc FRCS FRCS(Ed) FMedSci
Professor of Surgical Oncology, Honorary Consultant Urological
Surgeon, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

P. Ronan O’Connell MB BCh BAO MD FRCSI FRCPS(Glas)
Professor of Surgery, University College Dublin, St Vincent’s
Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Alistair Pace MD MRCS AFRCS MSc
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics, Nottingham,
UK

Simon Paterson-Brown MB BS MS MPhil FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Eng)
MCS(Hong Kong)
Consultant General and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeon and
Honorary Senior Lecturer, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK

Rupert M. Pearse MB BS BSc MD FRCA DipICM(UK)
Consultant and Senior Lecturer in Intensive Care Medicine,
Royal London Hospital, London, UK

Charles S. Perkins FDSRCS FFDRCSI FRCS
Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Cheltenham General
and Gloucestershire Royal Hospitals, Gloucestershire, UK

Ashley R. Poynton MD FRCSI FRCS(Tr & Orth)
Consultant Spinal Surgeon, National Spinal Injuries Unit,
Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

John N. Primrose MD FRCS
Professor of Surgery, University of Southampton School of
Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK

Sanjay Purkayastha BSc(Hons) MBBS(Hons) MRCS(Eng)
Specialist Registrar and Clinical Lecturer in Surgery,
Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial
College London, UK

Mamoon Rashid FRCS(Eng) FCPS(Pak)
Head of Department of Plastic Surgery, Combined Military
Hospital Rawalpindi; Associate Professor of Surgery, Army
Medical College Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Matthias Rothmund FACS FRCS(Hon)(Ed) FRCS ad eundem (Eng)
Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, Philipps
University, Marburg, Germany

Robert W. Ruckley MB ChB FRCS FRCS(Ed)
Consultant Ear, Nose and Throat and Head and Neck Surgeon,
Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UK

Richard Sainsbury MB BS MD FRCS
Consultant Surgeon, Southampton University Hospitals NHS
Trust and Honorary Reader in Surgery, University College
London, UK

Parminder Singh MB BS MRCS
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics and Honorary
Student Lecturer in the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK

Jay Smith BSc MB BS MRCS(Eng) DipS&EMed GB&I
Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics, Guy’s and St
Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

William P. Smith FDSRCS FRCS
Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon, Northampton General
Hospital, Northampton, UK

Matthew C. Solan FRCS(Tr & Orth)
Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon, Royal Surrey
County Hospital, Guildford, and London Foot and Ankle
Centre, London, UK

Richard Stacey FRCS FRCS(SN)
Consultant Neurosurgeon, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford,
and Lecturer in Clinical Medicine, Wadham College, Oxford,
UK

Robert J.C. Steele MD FRCS(Ed) FRCS
Professor of Surgery, University of Dundee, UK

Mark D. Stringer MS FRCS FRCP FRCS(Paed)
Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of
Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Formerly Professor of Paediatric
Surgery, Leeds, UK

Jeremy Thompson MChir FRCS
Consultant Gastrointestinal Surgeon, Chelsea and Westminster
Hospital, London, UK

Tom Treasure MD MS FRCS
Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Guy’s Hospital, London,
UK

Michael Tyler FRCS(Plast) MB ChM
Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Stoke Mandeville Hospital,
Aylesbury, UK

Richard N. Villar MA MS FRCS
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, The Wellington Hospital,
London, UK

Birgit Whitman PhD
Research and Governance Manager, University of Bristol, UK

Marc Christopher Winslet MS FRCS
Professor of Surgery, Head of Department and Chairman of
Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University
College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK